空间级加成型室温硫化硅橡胶粘结剂的研究

研究了一种新的空间级加成型室温硫化硅橡胶KH—SP—B ,它的特点在于具有低的热真空失重 ,在 12 5℃× 2 4h ,1× 10 - 10 MPa下的热真空失重可小于 0 .3% ;高的粘接强度 ,与金属及聚酰亚胺等的粘结强度可达到 2MPa以上 ;高的热稳定性能 ,分解温度可达 52 4℃ ;优异的低温性能 ,脆性温度为 - 114℃ ;良好的电性能 ,体积电阻率可达 1.3× 10 16 Ω·cm。是一种综合性能优良的空间级室温硫化硅橡胶。     

Spectroscopic evaluation of polyurea crosslinked aerogels,as a substitute for RTV-based chromatic calibration targets for spacecraft

Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV)-based components have been used on Mars Pathfinder, the Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, as well as the Phoenix Lander as a support matrix for pigmented panoramic camera calibration targets. RTV 655 has demonstrated superiority to other polymers due to its unique range of material properties namely mechanical stability between −115 and 204 °C and UV radiation tolerance. As a result, it has been the number one choice for many space-related missions. However, due to the high mass density and the natural tendency for electrostatic charging RTV materials have caused complications by attracting and retaining dust particles (Sabri et al., 2008). In the current project we have investigated the relevant properties of polymer-reinforced (crosslinked) silica aerogels with the objective of substituting RTV-based calibration targets with an aerogel based design. The lightweight, mechanical strength, ability to accept color pigments, and extremely low dust capture makes polyurea crosslinked aerogels a strong candidate as a chromatic standard for extraterrestrial missions. For this purpose, the reflection spectra, gravimetric analysis, and low temperature response of metal oxide pigmented, polyurea crosslinked silica aerogels have been investigated and reported here.     

Thermal conductivity studies of a polyurea cross-linked silica aerogel-RTV 655 compound for cryogenic propellant tank applications in space

Silica-based aerogel is an ideal thermal insulator with a makeup of up to 99% air associated with the highly porous nature of this material. Polyurea cross-linked silica aerogel (PCSA) has superior mechanical properties compared to the native aerogels yet retains the highly porous open pore network and functions as an ideal thermal insulator with added load-bearing capability necessary for some applications. Room temperature vulcanizing rubber-RTV 655—is a space qualified elastomeric thermal insulator and encapsulant with high radiation and temperature tolerance as well as chemical resistance. Storage and transport of cryogenic propellant liquids is an integral part of the success of future space exploratory missions and is an area under constant development. Limitations and shortcomings of current cryogenic tank materials and insulation techniques such as non-uniform insulation layers, self-pressurization, weight and durability issues of the materials used, has motivated the quest for alternative materials. Both RTV 655 and PCSA are promising space qualified materials with unique and tunable microscopic and macroscopic properties making them attractive candidates for this study. In this work, the effect of PCSA geometry and volume concentration on the thermal behavior of RTV 655—PCSA compound material has been investigated at room temperature and at a cryogenic temperature. Macroscopic and microscopic PCSA material was encapsulated at increasing concentrations in an RTV 655 elastomeric matrix. The effect of pulverization on the nanopores of PCSA as a method for creating large quantities of homogeneous PCSA microparticles has also been investigated and is reported. The PCSA volume concentrations ranged between 22% and 75% for both geometries. Thermal conductivity measurements were performed based on the steady state transient plane source method.     

室温硫化硅橡胶及其在航天器上的应用

概述了室温硫化硅橡胶的类型、硫化机理及其研究进展，阐述了空间级硅橡胶的制备以及硅橡胶与空间环境的交互作用，介绍了室温硫化硅橡胶在航天器太阳能电池、热控涂层及舱体密封上的应用，并提出了今后空间级硅橡胶的主要研究方向。     

环氧树脂改性交联剂的制备及其对室温硫化硅橡胶性能的影响

力学性能差是制约室温硫化硅橡胶应用发展的主要因素，而交联剂结构对力学性能有重要影响。为提高室温硫化硅橡胶的力学性能，本文以环氧树脂E-44与氨丙基三烷氧基硅烷为原料通过开环反应合成了一种改性交联剂（E44-APS），通过红外光谱、核磁氢谱确定了E44-APS的结构，并研究了E44-APS交联剂对室温硫化硅橡胶拉伸性能、固化性能、接触角、表面形貌、热稳定性的影响。结果表明，随E44-APS含量增加，室温硫化硅橡胶的拉伸强度先增加后降低，当E44-APS用量为10% 时，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最大可达0.47 MPa和306%；固化时间随E44-APS用量增加而增加；5%热失重温度随E44-APS用量增加而降低；接触角随E44-APS用量增加先降低后增加。上述结果表明E44-APS可有效提高室温硫化硅橡胶的力学性能，同时会带来一些负面影响，如固化时间延长和热稳定性下降及疏水性下降等。